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Breaking the Ceiling Glass: Illegality of Mandatory Requirement for Police Report - Clearance for Medical Emergence Treatments by Health Providers in Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
39-45
Received:
11 July 2022
Accepted:
4 August 2022
Published:
16 March 2023
Abstract: The National Health Act, 2014 is the first national legal framework that specifically deals with the right to health in Nigeria and other ancillary issues. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Act recognising and guaranteeing right to health in Nigeria, it is riddled with lacuna and deficiencies therein that constitute legal issues on right to health in the country. For instance, Section 20 (1) of the National Health Act, 2014 provides that a health care provider, health worker or health establishment shall not refuse a person emergency medical treatment for any reason. Regrettably, notwithstanding this provision of the Act, victims of accident or persons that have gunshots injuries and who need urgent medical attentions are being refused emergency medical treatment and rejected when taken to the hospitals on the ground that they are unable to provide the Police Report/Clearance. This paper submits that this practice is a flagrant violation of the provision of the National Health Act, 2014 which provides that no person should be refused emergency medical treatment for any reason. The paper submits further there is nothing in the National Health Act or any other law whatsoever in Nigeria that provides that a Police Report/Clearance must be produced before a victim of accidents or gunshots could be treated by the health care providers.
Abstract: The National Health Act, 2014 is the first national legal framework that specifically deals with the right to health in Nigeria and other ancillary issues. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Act recognising and guaranteeing right to health in Nigeria, it is riddled with lacuna and deficiencies therein that constitute legal issues on right to hea...
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Differences in the Effect of Health Promotion Media Using Booklets and Audio Visuals on the Level of Caries Knowledge 6th Grade Student 09 Aie Pacah
Muhammad Dzulkarnain Al-Madani,
Darmawangsa,
Sri Pandu Utami,
Hamdy Lisfrizal
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
46-50
Received:
14 July 2022
Accepted:
23 August 2022
Published:
16 March 2023
Abstract: Background: Dental and oral health problems generally occur due to the low level of public knowledge about good oral and dental care. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of health promotion media using booklets and audiovisuals on the level of dental caries knowledge of 6th grade students of SDN 09 Aie Pacah. Method: This type of research is quantitative, using a quasi-experimental method with a two group pretest-posttest research design. The research sample amounted to 58 respondents who were divided into 2 groups, namely 29 respondents for each group, using total sampling technique. Data analysis includes paired t-test and independent t-test. Results: The results showed that the difference in knowledge before and after dental caries health education in respondents with booklet media (p- value = 0.000) and audiovisual media (p-value = 0.000). There was no difference between the groups who had been given health education using booklets and audiovisual media on the dental caries knowledge of 6th graders at SDN 09 Aie Pacah (p-value = 0.863). Conclusion: Based on data from research and discussion of the title of the difference in the influence of health promotion media using booklets and audio visuals to the level of dental caries knowledge of 6th grader Aie Pacah, it can be concluded as follows: a) There is the influence of health promotion media using booklets on the level of dental caries knowledge of 6th grader Aie Pacah, b) There is the influence of health promotion media using audio visuals against the dental caries knowledge level of 6th grader Aie Pacah c) There is no average difference between the group that has been given health education using booklet and audio visual media against dental caries knowledge of 6th grader Aie Pacah.
Abstract: Background: Dental and oral health problems generally occur due to the low level of public knowledge about good oral and dental care. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of health promotion media using booklets and audiovisuals on the level of dental caries knowledge of 6th grade students of SDN 09 Aie...
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Guns in Brazil: The Ambiguity in the Discussion Between Legalization Control and Trafficking Violations
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
51-61
Received:
10 August 2022
Accepted:
30 August 2022
Published:
16 March 2023
Abstract: Brazil has been attacked by a set of threats to the security of its population which expresses the feeling of insecurity and fear, an effect of the visible increase in crime that foolishly imposes a condition of vulnerability on the whole society. In this narrative, it seeks to understand the dynamics that revolve around so many weapons circulating in Brazilian national territory, displayed without any shame in a visible way by criminals and used by them in profuse illegal actions throughout the country. Along with this problem, there is the discussion of the Disarmament Statute, created with the justification of reducing violence committed with firearms. A controversial subject and insistent in polemicizing the real effect of the federal law n° 10.826/2003 in its (in)efficiency on the control of the weapons. What weapons did they envision controlling? It is legitimate that the criminal will always be able to carry a firearm, as his main means of acquiring weapons, the illegal trade, is separate from this belligerence. The Disarmament Statute, the decrees issued by the head of the federal executive with new rules for access to firearms and ammunition in the country and arms trafficking, are issues that gain political and ideological contours that are confused in ambiguous debates without reaching resolution of the “illegal weapons” problem.
Abstract: Brazil has been attacked by a set of threats to the security of its population which expresses the feeling of insecurity and fear, an effect of the visible increase in crime that foolishly imposes a condition of vulnerability on the whole society. In this narrative, it seeks to understand the dynamics that revolve around so many weapons circulating...
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New Approach for the Root Cause of Fukushima Meltdown Accident
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
62-73
Received:
5 December 2022
Accepted:
11 January 2023
Published:
21 March 2023
Abstract: The purpose of this Commentary is to clarify as much as possible the whole history of reactor and containment pressure changes in the Fukushima meltdown accident. It is based on a new approach for film boiling, which is kept after the Zr-H2O reactions. Most important point of this approach is that the author applied film boiling based on boiling curve, which is basic theory in boiling phenomena, for the Fukushima accident phenomena. As the reaction rate is proportional to the reactor or containment pressure under film boiling, it increases rapidly and stops suddenly, keeping the film boiling. The containment pressure change consists of three phases, namely pressurizing, keeping the high pressure and de-pressurizing. The containment is pressurized by H2 gas and steam produced by the Zr-H2O reactions and de-pressurized by a heatsink such as the containment wall and inner shield concrete after reaction stops. The high pressure between these pressure changes is kept by balancing the H2 gas produced by reaction with the leaked gas from the gap between the top lid and the containment. Core decay heat is large, but its change is negligibly small. So, the pressurization is calculated from H2 gas and steam produced by the Zr- H2O reactions. The heatsink balances with the reaction during the high pressure condition. The de-pressurization occurs after the reaction is over, so the reaction heat rate can be calculated by the heat rate of the heatsink, which is equal to the condensation rate during de-pressurization. The leak rate of the leak gas can be calculated using the reaction rate. It is very important that the rection rate is slowed by the insufficient steam supply, as the melted reactor cores in the Fukushima accident were covered with H2 gas and steam (film boiling) at 0.8MPa or lower pressure. This is different from the rate (at approx. 7MPa) in the Three Mile Island accident, as the steam specific volume at 0.8 MPa is ten times larger than that at 7 MPa. The calculation results based on this assumption show that almost all the Zr in each core of Units 1, 2 and 3 reacted with water.
Abstract: The purpose of this Commentary is to clarify as much as possible the whole history of reactor and containment pressure changes in the Fukushima meltdown accident. It is based on a new approach for film boiling, which is kept after the Zr-H2O reactions. Most important point of this approach is that the author applied film boiling based on boiling cu...
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The Dynamic Relationship of the GDP Per capita Among the Three Baltic States (1990-2021)
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
74-80
Received:
20 January 2023
Accepted:
6 March 2023
Published:
21 March 2023
Abstract: The geographical situation in Europe of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the Three Baltic States, forms an optimal environment for the study of the economic relationships present among them. The global magnitudes are very similar for the three States, with a little difference in favor of Lithuania regarding population and extension. The three States joined the European Union at the same time, May 1, 2004. A vector autoregressive model, a VAR model, relating the three economies in their temporal evolution is an appropriate model for this study. With the intervention of temporal lags, it is possible to formulate the dynamical relationship present in these economies regarding the percentage growth change in the respective gdp per capita. Our attention is directed to the evolution of this percentage growth rate for the period 1990-2020. The estimated VAR(2) model shows that the percentage change in the gdp per capita of Lithuania is dynamically related to the lagged growth changes of Estonia and Latvia in a direct way, with more complex dynamic relationships regarding the other two States, as explained in the Conclusion. This study is supplemented with the Impulse Response Analysis and the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition to measure the effects of random impulses in the evolution of the percentage growth change in the estimated model.
Abstract: The geographical situation in Europe of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the Three Baltic States, forms an optimal environment for the study of the economic relationships present among them. The global magnitudes are very similar for the three States, with a little difference in favor of Lithuania regarding population and extension. The three States...
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