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Evacuating Orange County, California, (Part 2) — The Approximate Versus the Exact
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
1-7
Received:
18 October 2021
Accepted:
10 January 2022
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: This paper completes the science on the first paper also on the Orange County, California, evacuation problem. Here, the execution time of the exact solution is correctly reported—it is not 53+ days as originally reported, but is still over three (3) hours, 900+ times slower than the approximate solution. Comparing the Load Balancing Metric of both the approximate and exact solutions, it is clear that both produce similar results, supporting the use of the approximate solution as it takes mere seconds to complete. The Orange County, California, dataset contains 1.1 to 1.2 million addresses, both residential and business. On a map, a random 100 routes in Orange County are shown, connecting addresses (incidents) to the closest of four (4) waypoints (facilities) with respect to drive time without consideration of traffic conditions. In the Appendix, a Python toolkit for ArcGIS Pro is given that computes the approximate solution. This did not appear in the first paper.
Abstract: This paper completes the science on the first paper also on the Orange County, California, evacuation problem. Here, the execution time of the exact solution is correctly reported—it is not 53+ days as originally reported, but is still over three (3) hours, 900+ times slower than the approximate solution. Comparing the Load Balancing Metric of both...
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Legal Determinants of Accountability of Credit Union Members
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
8-14
Received:
8 November 2021
Accepted:
8 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: The financial crisis of 2007-2009 has triggered the development of legal solutions aimed at reducing economic turmoil by, in particular, increasing the responsibility of shareholders of financial institutions for the failure of the latter. The solutions in question include, inter alia, procedures of forced restructuring of financial institutions and establishment of the level of the so-called MREL for them. Counted among these institutions are also credit unions, the legal situation of which entities shows a number of peculiarities. They operate not for profit, have a highly dispersed ownership structure and limited opportunities to raise capital and, above all, members of the credit union as a cooperative society play a dual role in it - both that of shareholders and one of service users (consumers). The Polish lawgiver has made national credit unions subject to the rules of forced restructuring and MREL despite their exclusion from the European law regulations in force in that respect and placed them within as many as two separate legal regimes under which the solutions can potentially be applied. The aim of the paper is to consider whether - taking into account the legal structure of Polish credit unions - the solutions adopted under the aforementioned regimes may actually serve to increase the responsibility of credit union members for the institutions they co-own, and looking in a broader perspective - whether and to what extent they can generally contribute to successful operation of credit unions. In pursuit of the goal, attempts were made to combine dogmatic research (with the employment of the verbal logic method) with an analysis of the functions of the legal norms aimed at achieving the desired economic effects, taking into account the values the credit unions adhere to - on a global scale - as cooperatives run "not for profit, not for charity, but to serve”, as their motto reads. Thanks to the considerations done it was ascertained that burdening Polish credit unions with MREL requirements has been, in fact, an inappropriate solution, inadequate both to the structure of their ownership funds and the goals for which these requirements were established, since the goals include, at the outmost, protection of union members as consumers, and not burdening them - as small shareholders – with the risk of the business conducted by the members to satisfy their own needs.
Abstract: The financial crisis of 2007-2009 has triggered the development of legal solutions aimed at reducing economic turmoil by, in particular, increasing the responsibility of shareholders of financial institutions for the failure of the latter. The solutions in question include, inter alia, procedures of forced restructuring of financial institutions an...
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Department of Santa Rosa, Origin of the Xinca Culture, a Region of Diverse Nature in Guatemala, Center of the Americas and the Practice of Inward Green Tourism
Edgar Haroldo Torres Soto
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
15-22
Received:
19 September 2021
Accepted:
8 December 2021
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: The State of Santa Rosa, located in the southern region of the Republic of Guatemala, has a diversity of attractive and natural surroundings which easily captivate visitors, such as Ayarza Lagoon, El Pino Lagoon, or Monterrico beaches; forming the foundation stones (fire, sky, water and earth) of the Xinca’s culture. Tourism industry being a fast growing field and benchmark effect for the recovery of world’s economy after humanity manages to overcome the COVID-19 (SARS-Cov2 and its different variants Delta, Omicron, etc.) pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge. The objective of this article is to present the findings related to the analysis of two careers offered by the Santa Rosa University Center (CUNSARO): First one is Tourism Technician and the second one is Bachelor´s Degree in Tourism. In this study a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) was applied. The unit of analysis is the graduates (graduated during the period 2012-2018) and their insertion in the local tourism industry. The main results of the research show a weakness in which graduates of both careers did not have prior any training in the field of tourism before starting the university. This limits them from achieving a better academic preparation at a higher level. This condition affects students because after they graduate they are not easily inserted in the tourist labor industry. This is reflected in negative numbers in the statistics of the effectiveness of the career. Added to this situation is the idiosyncrasy of the local inhabitants about the recurrent practice that is called in this study "inward green tourism", alluding to green tourism in relation to the nature of the environment that surrounds the region but also to the incipient local tourism industry, meanwhile, inward as a manifestation of not being receptive to foreign visitors but only to their own inhabitants so that they discover the region in which they live. The study concludes on the need to improve accessibility filters for careers that include previous certifications or introductory courses. In addition, it proposes a redesign of the curriculum to adjust the Professional Supervised Practice (required for graduation in Bachelor´s Degree in Tourism in Santa Rosa), which must be performed in all areas taught in their academic training, and to provide students with a groundwork to enhance competent human skills which will allow them to enter the world´s tourism market.
Abstract: The State of Santa Rosa, located in the southern region of the Republic of Guatemala, has a diversity of attractive and natural surroundings which easily captivate visitors, such as Ayarza Lagoon, El Pino Lagoon, or Monterrico beaches; forming the foundation stones (fire, sky, water and earth) of the Xinca’s culture. Tourism industry being a fast g...
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