Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020

Agaba Halidu; Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020

Agaba Halidu, Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis

Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 25 May 2022 Accepted: 2 August 2022 Published: 16 March 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This work examined the security implications of the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria laying more emphasis on Kaduna State. The work relied on both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, they were obtained through an in-depth interview with key stakeholders who are abreast with issues of the subject matter, this included all three arms of the armed forces, the police, customs, immigration, and those who have been victims of attack and culprits who were arrested with SALWs. While secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journal articles, seminar papers, and newspapers, among others on the subject matter. The work adopted the relative deprivation theory as a framework of analysis. Findings of the work show that there were serious security implications of the proliferation of SALWs for Kaduna state which has led to an increase in crime rate, political violence, conflicts, and disruption of economic activities within the period under review. The study, therefore, recommends inter-agency and bilateral cooperation on border patrol, adequate equipment and training of security personnel, proper remuneration for security agents, improved government policies and framework to grow the economy and create jobs, strict adherence to prescribing laws and regulations governing the possession and use of small arms and light weapons among others.

Published in	International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13
Page(s)	17-25
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Border, Implications, Nigeria, National, Proliferations Security, Small and Light Weapons

References

[1]	Ade, O. (2017) An Explicit view of National Security, Ibadan: Daily Graphic Press.
[2]	A, B. Arms dump in Africa (1989) Lagos Ikoyi Press.
[3]	Annan, Kofi. 2000 ‘Freedom from Fear: Small Arms.’ Report of the Secretary-General to the Millenium Assembly of the United Nations; A/54/2000, p. 52. New York, NY: United Nations General Assembly. 27 March.
[4]	Anya, O. (2013) Small Arms and Light Weapons, The epidemic spread of Conflicts, Aba: Ochendo Press.
[5]	Attah, A. and Okoi, A (2013) “Weapons in the North-East” http://blogs.cfr.org/AAoko/2013/11/22/weapons-in-the-Northeast.
[6]	Babbie, C. (1986) Foreign Policy Perspective on Arms Proliferation, Hinsdale: Dryden Press.
[7]	Barnsely (2008) understanding small arms and light weapons, Baltimore: Hopkins University Press.
[8]	Bellammy, P. (2007) Human Security in World Affairs: Problems and Opportunities. 2nd Edition. BCcampus open.
[9]	Dollard (1939) understanding human feelings and aggression, London, Macmillian Press.
[10]	Ebeh, J. I. (2015) National Security and Development: A Critique. International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH) IJA4 (2).
[11]	Essa, M. (2013) untraditional view of National Security, Baltimour: Hopkins Press.
[12]	Financial Energy Review (2020) Insecurity, Border Closure Blamed for Low Turnout at Kaduna International Trade Fair.
[13]	Gadzama (2018) Appraisal of Rural Banditry in Kamuku Forest in Birni Gwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Vol. 18. No. 1.
[14]	Hallogate (2021) Putting People First Kaduna State Government. Retrieved from https://kdsg.gov.ng/
[15]	Human Right Watch (2011) Nigeria: Post Election Violence Killed 800. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/05/16/nigeria-post-election-violence-killed-800
[16]	Longley, R. (2021) National Security Definitions and Examples. Retrieved from wwww.thoughtCo.com
[17]	Morris, H. (2018) Crisis Management in Kaduna; Kaduna, NDA Press.
[18]	Nwizu, O. (2012) Weapons Proliferation Across the Sahel” http://blogs.cfr/org/nwizu/2012/11/21/weapons-proliferation-across-sahel;accessedonthe29/10/19
[19]	Olayniyi, A. (2012) Arms proliferation and National Economy, Ibadan: University Press.
[20]	Saferworld (2012) Small Arms and Light Weapons Control. A Training Manual. Retrieved from www.saferworld.org.uk
[21]	Ted, G. (1970) why men Rebel, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[22]	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2019) Framing the Issue of Firearms and the Consequence of their Trafficking and Use. Retrieved from www.unodc.org
[23]	United Nations Trust fund for Human Security (2009) Human Security in Theory and Practice. Retrieved from www.unocha.org

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Agaba Halidu, Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis. (2023). Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 11(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Agaba Halidu; Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis. Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2023, 11(1), 17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Agaba Halidu, Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis. Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2023;11(1):17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13,
  author = {Agaba Halidu and Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis},
  title = {Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20231101.13},
  abstract = {This work examined the security implications of the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria laying more emphasis on Kaduna State. The work relied on both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, they were obtained through an in-depth interview with key stakeholders who are abreast with issues of the subject matter, this included all three arms of the armed forces, the police, customs, immigration, and those who have been victims of attack and culprits who were arrested with SALWs. While secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journal articles, seminar papers, and newspapers, among others on the subject matter. The work adopted the relative deprivation theory as a framework of analysis. Findings of the work show that there were serious security implications of the proliferation of SALWs for Kaduna state which has led to an increase in crime rate, political violence, conflicts, and disruption of economic activities within the period under review. The study, therefore, recommends inter-agency and bilateral cooperation on border patrol, adequate equipment and training of security personnel, proper remuneration for security agents, improved government policies and framework to grow the economy and create jobs, strict adherence to prescribing laws and regulations governing the possession and use of small arms and light weapons among others.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020
AU  - Agaba Halidu
AU  - Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis
Y1  - 2023/03/16
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13
T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
SP  - 17
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7420
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13
AB  - This work examined the security implications of the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria laying more emphasis on Kaduna State. The work relied on both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, they were obtained through an in-depth interview with key stakeholders who are abreast with issues of the subject matter, this included all three arms of the armed forces, the police, customs, immigration, and those who have been victims of attack and culprits who were arrested with SALWs. While secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journal articles, seminar papers, and newspapers, among others on the subject matter. The work adopted the relative deprivation theory as a framework of analysis. Findings of the work show that there were serious security implications of the proliferation of SALWs for Kaduna state which has led to an increase in crime rate, political violence, conflicts, and disruption of economic activities within the period under review. The study, therefore, recommends inter-agency and bilateral cooperation on border patrol, adequate equipment and training of security personnel, proper remuneration for security agents, improved government policies and framework to grow the economy and create jobs, strict adherence to prescribing laws and regulations governing the possession and use of small arms and light weapons among others.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Agaba Halidu

Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis

Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Agaba Halidu, Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis. (2023). Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 11(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Agaba Halidu; Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis. Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2023, 11(1), 17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Agaba Halidu, Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis. Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2023;11(1):17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13,
  author = {Agaba Halidu and Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis},
  title = {Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20231101.13},
  abstract = {This work examined the security implications of the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria laying more emphasis on Kaduna State. The work relied on both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, they were obtained through an in-depth interview with key stakeholders who are abreast with issues of the subject matter, this included all three arms of the armed forces, the police, customs, immigration, and those who have been victims of attack and culprits who were arrested with SALWs. While secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journal articles, seminar papers, and newspapers, among others on the subject matter. The work adopted the relative deprivation theory as a framework of analysis. Findings of the work show that there were serious security implications of the proliferation of SALWs for Kaduna state which has led to an increase in crime rate, political violence, conflicts, and disruption of economic activities within the period under review. The study, therefore, recommends inter-agency and bilateral cooperation on border patrol, adequate equipment and training of security personnel, proper remuneration for security agents, improved government policies and framework to grow the economy and create jobs, strict adherence to prescribing laws and regulations governing the possession and use of small arms and light weapons among others.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020
AU  - Agaba Halidu
AU  - Upkabio Emmanuel Dennis
Y1  - 2023/03/16
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13
T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
SP  - 17
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7420
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20231101.13
AB  - This work examined the security implications of the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria laying more emphasis on Kaduna State. The work relied on both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, they were obtained through an in-depth interview with key stakeholders who are abreast with issues of the subject matter, this included all three arms of the armed forces, the police, customs, immigration, and those who have been victims of attack and culprits who were arrested with SALWs. While secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journal articles, seminar papers, and newspapers, among others on the subject matter. The work adopted the relative deprivation theory as a framework of analysis. Findings of the work show that there were serious security implications of the proliferation of SALWs for Kaduna state which has led to an increase in crime rate, political violence, conflicts, and disruption of economic activities within the period under review. The study, therefore, recommends inter-agency and bilateral cooperation on border patrol, adequate equipment and training of security personnel, proper remuneration for security agents, improved government policies and framework to grow the economy and create jobs, strict adherence to prescribing laws and regulations governing the possession and use of small arms and light weapons among others.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download