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Acoustic Modules to Help with Spatial Distancing

Received: 12 September 2022    Accepted: 26 September 2022    Published: 17 October 2022
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a means of enforcing a spatial distance between individuals, of 1 meter or more (depending on the health policy of each country). Despite some urgent initiatives, nothing has really been conclusive. Currently, some devices have been implemented but using technologies that threaten individual freedom, are complex to implement and expensive (fixed camera or mobile robots with artificial intelligence). Thus, the objective is to design a rapidly functional prototype free of these problems. This article proposes a spatial distancing equipment using sensors (transmitter / receiver) with ultrasounds already existing in the trade, thus respecting the regulation in force on the acoustic emissions. The use of 4 sensors, connected to an Arduino microcontroller, allows to cover an area around the person of 360 degrees. When one of the sensors emits an acoustic wave, only the other 3 listen, avoiding the effects of reverberations. So, if one of the 3 perceives a wave, it means that another similar device is emitting in a radius too close and therefore that the recommended distance is not respected. The user will be warned by a sound or light signal. The prototype designed was quickly functional, adaptable for distances ranging from 20cm to 4m depending on the desired distance, and inexpensive. On the other hand, it is for the moment rather bulky but in the case of a marketing is quite possible to miniaturize it.

Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15
Page(s) 192-197
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Acoustics, Barrier Gestures, COVID-19, Distance Measurement, Spatial Distancing, Ultrasonic Sensors

References
[1] «Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: Barrier and physical distancing measures in the general population ». https://www.hcsp.fr/Explore.cgi/AvisRapportsDomaine?clefr=806 (accessed on May 9, 2022).
[2] J.-F. Delfraissy et al., «Children, Schools and Family Environment in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis», p. 11, 2020.
[3] «Decrees, orders, circulars GENERAL TEXTSMINISTRY OF SOLIDARITIES AND HEALTH Decree No. 2020-548 of May 11, 2020 prescribing the general measures necessary to deal with the epidemic of COVID-19.pdf».
[4] S. Das et al., «Computer Vision-based Social Distancing Surveillance with Automated Camera Calibration for Large-scale Deployment», 2021, p. 1‑6.
[5] A. Gupta, D. Thapar, et S. Deb, «Smart Camera for Enforcing Social Distancing», 2021, p. 349‑354.
[6] V. Bharti et S. Singh, «Social Distancing Violation Detection Using Pre-Trained Object Detection Models», 2021, p. 319‑324.
[7] «The General Data Protection Regulation - RGPD | CNIL». https://www.cnil.fr/fr/reglement-europeen-protection-donnees (accessed on May 11, 2022).
[8] L. Thakare, R. Dohare, et N. Akhtar, «P-Tracer: Proximity Detection for Contact Tracing», in 2021 International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS), janv. 2021, p. 116‑118. doi: 10.1109/COMSNETS51098.2021.9352738.
[9] M. F. Ali, Moch. Z. S. Hadi, R. W. Sudibyo, et H. Briantoro, Design of COVID-19 Tracing System based on Bluetooth Low Energy», in 2021 International Electronics Symposium (IES), sept. 2021, p. 374‑379. doi: 10.1109/IES53407.2021.9594000.
[10] A. H. Mutlag, S. Q. Mahdi, S. K. Gharghan, O. N. M. Salim, A. Al-Naji, et J. Chahl, «Improved Control System Based on PSO and ANN for Social Distancing for Patients With COVID-19», IEEE Access, vol. 10, p. 63797‑63811, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3183124.
[11] Z. Chen et al., «Autonomous social distancing in urban environments using a quadruped robot», IEEE Access, vol. 9, p. 8392‑8403, 2021.
[12] A. Majd, D. Biström, C. Tigerstedt, et L. Espinosa-Leal, «Social and Service Robots Deployed for Social Distancing-Optimization and Placement», 2021, p. 1‑9.
[13] S. Muthumari et A. Singh, «Review of various ultrasonic techniques employed in modern industries», Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, no 4, 2011.
[14] C. T. Nguyen et al., «Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing: A Comprehensive Survey and Open Problems», IEEE Access, vol. 8, p. 153479‑153507, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3018140.
[15] «HCSR04.pdf». Accessed on May, 12 2022. [Online]. Available from: https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Proximity/HCSR04.pdf
[16] F. A. Naqiyuddin, W. Mansor, N. Sallehuddin, M. M. Johari, M. Shazlan, et A. Bakar, «Wearable Social Distancing Detection System», 2020, p. 1‑4.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Quentin Lagarde, Bruno Beillard, Serge Mazen, Julien Leylavergne, Corentin Azais, et al. (2022). Acoustic Modules to Help with Spatial Distancing. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 10(5), 192-197. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15

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    ACS Style

    Quentin Lagarde; Bruno Beillard; Serge Mazen; Julien Leylavergne; Corentin Azais, et al. Acoustic Modules to Help with Spatial Distancing. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2022, 10(5), 192-197. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15

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    AMA Style

    Quentin Lagarde, Bruno Beillard, Serge Mazen, Julien Leylavergne, Corentin Azais, et al. Acoustic Modules to Help with Spatial Distancing. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2022;10(5):192-197. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15,
      author = {Quentin Lagarde and Bruno Beillard and Serge Mazen and Julien Leylavergne and Corentin Azais and Ibrahim Kamal},
      title = {Acoustic Modules to Help with Spatial Distancing},
      journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {192-197},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20221005.15},
      abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a means of enforcing a spatial distance between individuals, of 1 meter or more (depending on the health policy of each country). Despite some urgent initiatives, nothing has really been conclusive. Currently, some devices have been implemented but using technologies that threaten individual freedom, are complex to implement and expensive (fixed camera or mobile robots with artificial intelligence). Thus, the objective is to design a rapidly functional prototype free of these problems. This article proposes a spatial distancing equipment using sensors (transmitter / receiver) with ultrasounds already existing in the trade, thus respecting the regulation in force on the acoustic emissions. The use of 4 sensors, connected to an Arduino microcontroller, allows to cover an area around the person of 360 degrees. When one of the sensors emits an acoustic wave, only the other 3 listen, avoiding the effects of reverberations. So, if one of the 3 perceives a wave, it means that another similar device is emitting in a radius too close and therefore that the recommended distance is not respected. The user will be warned by a sound or light signal. The prototype designed was quickly functional, adaptable for distances ranging from 20cm to 4m depending on the desired distance, and inexpensive. On the other hand, it is for the moment rather bulky but in the case of a marketing is quite possible to miniaturize it.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    T1  - Acoustic Modules to Help with Spatial Distancing
    AU  - Quentin Lagarde
    AU  - Bruno Beillard
    AU  - Serge Mazen
    AU  - Julien Leylavergne
    AU  - Corentin Azais
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15
    T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
    JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
    JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
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    EP  - 197
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7420
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.15
    AB  - The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a means of enforcing a spatial distance between individuals, of 1 meter or more (depending on the health policy of each country). Despite some urgent initiatives, nothing has really been conclusive. Currently, some devices have been implemented but using technologies that threaten individual freedom, are complex to implement and expensive (fixed camera or mobile robots with artificial intelligence). Thus, the objective is to design a rapidly functional prototype free of these problems. This article proposes a spatial distancing equipment using sensors (transmitter / receiver) with ultrasounds already existing in the trade, thus respecting the regulation in force on the acoustic emissions. The use of 4 sensors, connected to an Arduino microcontroller, allows to cover an area around the person of 360 degrees. When one of the sensors emits an acoustic wave, only the other 3 listen, avoiding the effects of reverberations. So, if one of the 3 perceives a wave, it means that another similar device is emitting in a radius too close and therefore that the recommended distance is not respected. The user will be warned by a sound or light signal. The prototype designed was quickly functional, adaptable for distances ranging from 20cm to 4m depending on the desired distance, and inexpensive. On the other hand, it is for the moment rather bulky but in the case of a marketing is quite possible to miniaturize it.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Research institute XLIM, University of Limoges, Limoges, France

  • Research institute XLIM, University of Limoges, Limoges, France

  • Research institute XLIM, University of Limoges, Limoges, France

  • University Institute of Technology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France

  • Ikalogic, Limoges, France

  • Ikalogic, Limoges, France

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