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Afro-Descendants in Chile: From Disappearance to Reappearance

Received: 22 August 2022    Accepted: 16 September 2022    Published: 29 September 2022
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Abstract

Studies related to slavery but also to the contribution of Africans to American culture and population, for more than two decades, have allowed progress in the knowledge of these issues that, far from being secondary and anecdotal, point to a better knowledge of the social conditions that, in the Americas, they allowed the accumulation of capital. Despite the brutality of the slave system, the works have shown many aspects of the African community in America, precisely in Chile. In the case of this country, they received during the colonial era a large contingent of slaves from Argentina, Peru, etc ... this people was liberated and became a metis of the servile yoke in order to be visible. Then, after a long time they will be forced to hide you so as not to be punished. This is how they moved away from public spaces and big cities to become invisible. Today, they have struggled with many aspects of culture such as groupings, music produced by people deprived of liberty or subaltern, rhythms, songs and dances. These are elements that allowed the invisibility of the black population in Chile. So, in this article, the purpose is to know and analyze the process of disappearance and reappearance of Afro-descendants in Chile. The objective is to show how the process of disappearance and reappearance of the Afro-descendant population in Chile has been.

Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.13
Page(s) 180-185
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Afro-Descendant, Chile, Disappearance, Reappearance

References
[1] Alarcón, J., Araya, I. & Chávez, N. (2017). Black identity in times of globalization. Memories of grandfathers and grandmothers afro-descendants from Arica and the Azapa Valley. Santiago: National Council of Culture.
[2] Báez, C. (2010). Lumbanga; Oral Memories of Afro-Chilean Culture. Culture Fund: Book and Reading. Chile.
[3] Briones, C. (2007). Performative theories of identity and performativity of theories. Tabula Rasa, nº 6, 55-83, January-June.
[4] Campos, L. y Espinosa, M. (2017). Final Report Project Collection and classification of Afro-descendant ethnotritorial data from the Region of Arica and Parinacota. Mimeographed. Santiago: Municipality of Arica – Afro-descendant Office – UAHC.
[5] ECLAC. (2013). Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development. First meeting of the Regional Conference on Population and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Montevideo: ECLAC.
[6] Díaz, A., Galdames, L. & Ruz, R. (2013). And they arrived with chains: the Afro-descendant populations in the history of Arica and Tarapacá (XVII-XIX centuries). Arica: University of Tarapacá.
[7] Espinosa, M. (2013). Identity reconstruction of the Afro-Chileans of Arica and the Azapa Valley. Unpublished thesis to opt for the title of Anthropologist and the degree of Bachelor of Social Anthropology, UAHC, Santiago.
[8] González, S. (2004). The Captive God: The Patriotic Leagues in the Compulsive Chilenization of Tarapacá (1910-1922). Santiago: Lom.
[9] INE. (2014). 1st Survey of characterization of the Afro-descendant population. Region of Arica and Parinacota. Arica: INE.
[10] Mellafe, R. (1959). The Introduction of Black Slavery in Chile: Trafficking and Routes, Santiago: Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile.
[11] Mellafe, R. (1984). The Introduction of Black Slavery in Chile: Trafficking and Routes. Santiago-Chile: University Press.
[12] Ministry of Social Development. (2015). Decree 8/2015, Buenos Aires.
[13] Palacios, N. (1918). Chilean breed. Book written by a Chilean and for Chileans [1904] 2 Vols. Santiago: Editorial Chilena.
[14] Ruz, R., Galdames, L. y Díaz, A. (2015). Junta de Adelanto de Arica (1858-1976). Experience, documents and regional history. Arica: University of Tarapacá.
[15] Salgado, M. (2013). Afrochilenos: a hidden history. Arica: Krom Editions.
[16] Sánchez, J. A. (2011). The Afro-Ecuadorian organizational process: 1979-2009. FLACSO Ecuador.
[17] Wormald, A. (1969). The mestizo in the department of Arica. Santiago: Ráfaga.
[18] Wormald, A. (1972). Forgotten stories of the Norte Grande. Arica: Universidad del Norte.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ibrahim Tuo. (2022). Afro-Descendants in Chile: From Disappearance to Reappearance. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 10(5), 180-185. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.13

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    ACS Style

    Ibrahim Tuo. Afro-Descendants in Chile: From Disappearance to Reappearance. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2022, 10(5), 180-185. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.13

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    AMA Style

    Ibrahim Tuo. Afro-Descendants in Chile: From Disappearance to Reappearance. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2022;10(5):180-185. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.13,
      author = {Ibrahim Tuo},
      title = {Afro-Descendants in Chile: From Disappearance to Reappearance},
      journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {180-185},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20221005.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20221005.13},
      abstract = {Studies related to slavery but also to the contribution of Africans to American culture and population, for more than two decades, have allowed progress in the knowledge of these issues that, far from being secondary and anecdotal, point to a better knowledge of the social conditions that, in the Americas, they allowed the accumulation of capital. Despite the brutality of the slave system, the works have shown many aspects of the African community in America, precisely in Chile. In the case of this country, they received during the colonial era a large contingent of slaves from Argentina, Peru, etc ... this people was liberated and became a metis of the servile yoke in order to be visible. Then, after a long time they will be forced to hide you so as not to be punished. This is how they moved away from public spaces and big cities to become invisible. Today, they have struggled with many aspects of culture such as groupings, music produced by people deprived of liberty or subaltern, rhythms, songs and dances. These are elements that allowed the invisibility of the black population in Chile. So, in this article, the purpose is to know and analyze the process of disappearance and reappearance of Afro-descendants in Chile. The objective is to show how the process of disappearance and reappearance of the Afro-descendant population in Chile has been.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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Author Information
  • Department of Iberian and Latin American Studies, Félix Houphou?t-Boigny University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

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